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Customize CSS using Bulma

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language that is used to describe how a webpage looks and feels visually. To speed up the development of projects, developers use CSS frameworks like Bulma. Let us see why CSS frameworks are useful and learn more about Bulma as well.

The Need for a CSS Framework
Bulma
Getting Started
Column System
Components
Customizing Variables
Further Reading

The Need for a CSS Framework

CSS is a flexible language, with a ton of customization options. This may sometimes be overwhelming for a beginner. Yet, when you're out to build a product, a CSS framework can really help in accelerating the development process. It helps to reduce time to production, which is crucial for a project. Some other benefits to using a CSS framework include:

Good CSS frameworks have excellent documentation.
Easier to make websites responsive.
Cross-browser support.

Bulma

Bulma is a fast, lightweight, and customizable CSS framework. Bulma is perfect for production-grade web applications due to its excellent performance and small size.

Bulma is based on CSS Flexbox.
It has an excellent developer community.
It can be customized extensively through variables.
Bulma uses easy-to-read class names that are easy to remember.
It provides a modern and clean design.

For the reasons listed above, Bulma is an efficient CSS framework that can be used to create performant websites.

Getting Started

Let's add Bulma to our web application. We can do this in one of the following ways.

We can use the Bulma CDN to add Bulma to our webpage. To do so in the website's <head>, add the following line.

<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/css/bulma.min.css"
/>

Let us initialize the package.json file for managing dependencies.

npm init

Download the npm package from the npm repository.

npm install bulma

We need to import the Bulma module into our CSS file.

@import "../node_modules/bulma/css/bulma.css";

We can also download the minified bulma.min.css file from here and include it in our webpage using the <link> tag.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="bulma.css" />

Column System

One of the best features of Bulma is the responsive column grid system. For building a columns layout,

Every row in Bulma is defined by a columns container.
Every column should be defined as a column and should be nested within the columns container.

For example:

<div class="columns has-text-centered">
  <div class="column has-background-success">1st column</div>
  <div class="column has-background-danger">2nd column</div>
  <div class="column has-background-info">3rd column</div>
</div>

Three Columns in Bulma

This snippet would create a responsive column layout with three columns of equal width. You can also specify the column size by using the size classes.

<div class="columns has-text-centered">
  <div class="column has-background-success is-half">1st column</div>
  <div class="column has-background-danger is-one-quarter">2nd column</div>
  <div class="column has-background-info">3rd column</div>
</div>

Uneven Three Columns in Bulma

The snippet above would create three columns. One column occupies half the space, and the other two occupy a quarter of the space. For more options on columns, visit this link.

Components

Bulma comes with many built-in UI components. Let's try to create a card component.

<div class="card">
  <div class="card-content">
    <p class="title">
      Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Architecto,
      corrupti.
    </p>
    <p class="subtitle">Lorem Ipsum.</p>
  </div>
  <footer class="card-footer">
    <p class="card-footer-item">
      <span>Footer-Left</span>
    </p>
    <p class="card-footer-item">
      <span>Footer-Right</span>
    </p>
  </footer>
</div>

This code snippet would create a card component that would look like this:

Bulma Card

Bulma has many other components that you can find out about here.

Customizing Variables

In order to customize Bulma, there are four kinds or levels of variables:

Initial Variables -- These are global variables with literal values.
Derived Variables -- These are derived from other variables.
Generic Variables -- These are HTML elements that carry no CSS classes.
Element Variables -- These are variables that are specific to a Bulma element.

Now, for customizing these Bulma Variables, let us set up Sass and Bulma. Sass is a CSS preprocessor that adds extra features like variables and loops. CSS preprocessors are an extension of CSS that provides additional features and reduces repetition.

First, initiate a Node.js project.

npm init

Next, install Bulma and Sass.

npm i bulma sass

Now, to get started, create the three files below.
- index.html
- style.css
- style.scss

Finally, let's create an HTML page with a basic button.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <button class="button is-danger">Button1</button>
    <button class="button is-primary">Button2</button>
  </body>
</html>

Initially, our output would be a red and a green button. The is-danger modifier is by default red, and the is-primary modifier is by default green.

Bulma Buttons

Let's say we want to change these colors.

We can do this by modifying style.scss

// Importing Initial Variables

@import "node_modules/bulma/sass/utilities/initial-variables";

// Setting our own variables

$blue: #06bcef;

$family-sans-serif: "Helvetica", "Arial", sans-serif;

// Set derived variables

$primary: $pink;
$danger: #0000ec;

// Import the rest of Bulma

@import "node_modules/bulma/bulma";

SCSS needs to be compiled back to CSS so the browser can understand it, we do that by running the following command: