Creating a Shopping Cart using Arrays and Objects in vanilla JavaScript
Building a shopping cart can be done in an assortment of ways. In this tutorial, I will show you how to make a shopping cart using arrays and objects. <!--more-->
The approach
- Initially, you have a curated list of shopping items.
- Each item has a counter variable.
- You decrease or increase the counter on adding the item to the cart.
We will use the Javascript event listeners to handle these activities.
Preferences
To follow along with this tutorial, you are required to understand the following JavaScript methods:
The base Html
Create a new file index.html in the working directory. In your code editor, open the index.html file and add the code below.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="container">
<h1>Shopping list</h1>
<div id="items"></div>
</div>
<div id="container">
<h1>Cart</h1>
<div id="cart"></div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Creating the items library
Create a new file script.js in the working directory.
In your code editor, open the script.js file and add the code below.
let items_array = [
{ "name": "carrots", "id": 1, count: 1 },
{ "name": "spinach", "id": 2, count: 1 },
{ "name": "cookies", "id": 3, count: 1 },
{ "name": "lettuce", "id": 4, count: 1 },
{ "name": "avocado", "id": 5, count: 1 }
];
let cart = [];
The items_array is an array of objects which will be displayed for selection. A name and id property is given to each object.
The items_array also has a count property, which is the number of items that will be used in the shopping cart.
The cart is an empty array, which will store the items which will be selected from the shopping cart.
Creating the base functions
Let's make a few functions to make our lives a little easier.
Add the following code to script.js.
function appendNode(parent, element) {
parent.appendChild(element);
};
function getDiv(container) {
return document.getElementById(container);
};
function createNode(node) {
let element = document.createElement(node);
return element;
};
We have created 3 functions.
- The
appendNodefunction will append a new node to the parent node. It will take the parent node and the new node as parameters. - The
getDivfunction will return the div element with the id of a container. - The
createNodefunction will create a new node and return it. It will take a node as a parameter.
We will use these functions to create the shopping list and the shopping cart in the DOM.
Displaying the shopping list
We will create a function that will display the shopping list.
Add the following code to script.js.
function displayItems(items, container) {
let items_container = getDiv(container);
items_container.innerHTML = '';
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
let item = items[i];
let item_node = createNode("li");
item_node.setAttribute("id", item.id);
if (item.count > 0) {
item_node.innerHTML = `${item.name}
<span id="badge">${item.count}</span>`;
appendNode(items_container, item_node);
}
}
}
The displayItems function will take the items array and the container id as parameters. It will display the items in the DOM.
The function will iterate through the items array and create a new node for each item. It will set the id of the node to the item id. The displayItems function will then append the node to the container.
If you look closely, you notice that we are using the setAttribute method to set the attribute of the node. setAttribute is an in-built method used to add attributes to a node. You can read more about it here.
The displayItems also clears the lists before updating them by setting the innerHTML property of the container to empty. This is done to avoid the previous items from showing up.
items_container.innerHTML = '';
You should now proceed to call the displayItems function to display the items list.
Add the following line to script.js.
displayItems(items_array, "items");
A little CSS
The displayed lists look very basic at this point. Let's fix that.
In your code editor, open the index.html file and add the code below inside a <style> tag.
#wrapper {
display: flex;
}
li{
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
list-style: none;
background-color: rgb(1, 4, 49);
border-radius: 10px;
margin: 5px;
padding: 5px;
color: white;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
#badge {
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
background-color: #f0ad4e;
color: white;
padding: 2px 2px;
border-radius: 5px;
margin-left: 10px;
text-align: center;
float: right;
}
#items #badge { /* hides the count badge on the shopping list */
display: none;
}
#container {
margin: 50px;
}
Check out the new look of your shopping list. I guess it looks better.
Adding and removing items from the cart
We will create a function that will add an item to the shopping cart.
Add the following code to script.js.
function addOrRemoveItemsFromCart(action) {
let container = '';
if (action == "add") {
container = getDiv("items");
takeAction(container)
}
else if (action == "remove") {
container = getDiv("cart");
takeAction(container)
};
}
We create a function addOrRemoveItemsFromCart which will take an action as a parameter. The item will be added to the shopping basket if the activity is "add". The item will be eliminated from the shopping basket if the activity is "remove".
To check the action, an if else statement is used. We pass the items container to the takeAction function if the action is "add" and the cart container if the action is "remove". We will refer to this when listening for click events.
We will use the getDiv function to get the container to work with. We will use the takeAction function to add or remove the item from the cart.
To create the takeAction function, add the code below to script.js.
Note: You can create the
takeActionfunction inside theaddOrRemoveItemsFromCartfunction, or outside it. The difference between these two is that when you have created it inside the function,takeAction()can not be accessed outside the function. In short, it can't be re-used.
In this example, we will create the takeAction function inside the addOrRemoveItemsFromCart function.
function addOrRemoveItemsFromCart(action) {
// code in the previous block is still there
function takeAction(container) {
container.addEventListener("click", function (event) {
let item_id = event.target.id;
if (item_id !== "items" && item_id !== "badge") {
let item = items_array.filter(function (item) {
return item.id == item_id;
})[0];
let item_in_cart = cart.filter(function (item) {
return item.id == item_id;
})[0];
if (item_in_cart == undefined) {
cart.push(item);
} else if (action == "add") {
item_in_cart.count++;
} else if (action == "remove") {
item_in_cart.count--;
}
console.log(cart);
displayItems(cart, "cart");
};
});
};
}
The addEventListener method is used to add an event listener to the container. The event listener is invoked when the user clicks on the item. We will use the event.target.id to get the item id.
We check whether the item is already in the cart. If that's the case, we'll either add or remove the item from your shopping basket. We do this by incrementing or decrementing the count property of the item.
Finally, we call the displayItems function to display the updated list of items in the cart.
The remaining part is to call the addOrRemoveItemsFromCart function.
Add the following code to script.js.
addOrRemoveItemsFromCart('add');
addOrRemoveItemsFromCart('remove');
Passing "add" or "remove" as the action will:
- Listen for clicks on the
itemscontainer. - Call the
takeActionfunction to add the item to the cart. - Call the
displayItemsfunction to display the updated list of items in the cart. - Listen for clicks in the
cartcontainer. - Call the
takeActionfunction to remove the item from the cart.
Conclusion
I hope you have learned something from this article. I would also like to believe that it was fun creating the shopping cart from scratch, as it was for me.
Happy coding!
Peer Review Contributions by: Geoffrey Mungai
