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How to Manage Removable Drives in C#

How to Manage Removable Drives in C#

We use removable IO devices now and then to transfer files to and from our PCs, as well as to store files. <!--more--> However, we need a tool to manage these devices and how they interact with our computers for security, privacy, and other reasons.

In this tutorial, we will create a .NET desktop tool that shall enable us to manage USB ports on a windows computer. We will be able to change the read/write permissions of removable drives.

We shall start by going through a detailed guide to creating the user interface and then work on the code behind the read/write operations.

Table of contents

Prerequisites

To follow along with this tutorial, you will need:

  1. Visual Studio with the .NET framework.
  2. Basic knowledge in C# and the .NET framework.
  3. A flash disk or any other removable drives for testing purposes.

Step 1 - Creating the project

We shall start by opening Visual Studio and selecting create new project from the Get started options.

On the next window (Create a new project), we will select the Windows Forms App template then click on Next.

creating a new winforms project

In the next window (Configure your new project), we shall rename our project to IOManager and leave the other fields with their default values and click on the Next button.

configure your new project

In the Additional information window, we shall leave it with the default value and hit Create.

Additional information

After loading the project, you should see something similar to this:

Initial window

Step 2 - Designing the user interface

Renaming the form title

To rename the form title, click on Form 1 and in the properties sidebar under Text, change to I/O Manager.

Renaming Form1

Changing the background color

Click on the I/O Manager form and in the Properties sidebar under BackColor, change the background color to Teal.

Changing form1 background color

Changing form border

This property changes how the border of our form shall look. For example, it removes the maximize and minimize buttons.

To do it, click on the I/O Manager form and in the Properties sidebar under FormBorderStyle, select FixedToolWindow.

Form border style

Add instructions label

From the Toolbox, drag and drop a label at the top center of the form. Click on the label and in its properties under Text, change to Please unplug then plug all USB devices.

Also, change the font size to 14 and set bold to True.

Label1 properties

Adding USB ports controls

From the Toolbox, drag and drop a groupbox just below the instruction label and set its dimensions to 560, 150 under its size property.

Change the groupBox1 text to Enable/Disable, then change its background color to a more compatible color. We shall change ours to the color ActiveCaption.

Next, drag and drop two radio buttons into the groupbox and change their text properties to Enable USB Ports and Disable USB Ports.

By now you should have something like this:

Groupbox1

Adding Read/Write controls

In this step, we will drag and drop another groupbox just below the first one (make sure you align them for a better design) then change the text property to Read/Write.

We also need to set its dimensions to 560, 150 under the size property. It's advisable to match its background color with the first groupbox (ActiveCaption).

Let's add two radio buttons into this groupbox and change their text properties to Activate read only for removable drives and Clear read only for removable drives respectively.

Both radioButtons

Adding the control buttons

To complete the UI, we need to add our control buttons. Drag and drop a button and place it just below the Read/Write groupbox.

Then set the following properties for the button:

  • Backcolor to Black.
  • FlatStyle to Popup.
  • Font name to Perpetua Titling MT.
  • Font size to 12.
  • Forecolor to White.
  • Size property to 100, 40.

Button properties

Copy the button and paste it twice in a horizontal line (next to each other below the groupbox).

Then edit their Text properties to OK, Cancel and Close respectively. The final result should look like this:

With all buttons

Step 3 - Adding code to the form

Adding required namespaces

To edit the form's code, right-click on the form (the teal background), then select view code. Visual Studio will load Form1.cs.

Now, we can add the namespaces commented new just below the default ones:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.Win32;                  // new
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;   // new

Our newly added namespaces:

  • Microsoft.Win32 - It provides us with a class that handles events that manipulate the system registry.

  • System.Runtime.InteropServices - It provides support for COM interop and platform-invoke services.

Declaring and initializing variables

Just below the Form1() constructor, add the following code:

RegistryKey registryKey_1, registryKey_2;
Int32 rbtn_Value1, rbtn_Value2, usb_Ports_Status, read_write_Status;
string registryPath = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\USBSTOR";
string ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1 = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\StorageDevicePolicies";
string ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_2 = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control";
bool isUserAdmin;
[DllImport("shell32")]static extern bool IsUserAnAdmin();

The strings in the above snippet contain paths to windows operating system device configurations (ie: windows registry).

On loading the form

In this section, we will add the code that will be executed immediately after our form starts.

In the Form1 design, double-click on the teal background. You will be directed to the Form1_Load() method.

To add code for the form loading event, double click the form itself and let it create the Form_Load() method for you. Copy pasting the whole method might cause your application to malfunction.

In the Form_Load() method, add the following code:

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            isUserAdmin = IsUserAnAdmin();
            if (isUserAdmin == false) // If user is not an admin
            {
                MessageBox.Show("You don't have admin privileges", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); // Show message
            }
            else
            {
                registryKey_1 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(registryPath, true);
                usb_Ports_Status = Convert.ToInt32(registryKey_1.GetValue("Start"));
                //check the current state of the usb ports,whether they are enabled or disabled
                // 3 for enabled & 4 for Disabled
                if (usb_Ports_Status == 3){
                    radioButton1.Checked = true;
                }else if (usb_Ports_Status == 4){
                    radioButton2.Checked = true;
                }registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1, true);
                
                try{
                    read_write_Status = Convert.ToInt32(registryKey_2.GetValue("WriteProtect"));
                    //check the current state of the removable drive,whether its are write protected or not
                    // 1 for write protected & 0 for not write protected
                    if (read_write_Status == 1)
                    {
                        radioButton3.Checked = true;
                    }
                    else if (read_write_Status == 0)
                    {
                        radioButton4.Checked = true;
                    }
                }
                catch (NullReferenceException) { }
            }

        }

When the form loads, the above method checks if the current user running the program has admin privileges. It also assesses the status of the USB ports, then the read/write status of the plugged in removable drives.

It then checks the radio buttons based on the status of the USB ports and the removable drives. ie: if the USB ports are already enabled, it checks the enable USB ports radio button option.

Radio buttons

In our form, the radio buttons are in the order of 1 to 4 (ie: radioButton1 to radioButton4).

The first two radiobuttons hold the values used to change the status of the USB ports. If the value is 3, then they are enabled, and if it's 4 then they are disabled.

The last two radiobuttons hold values for enabling/disabling Read/Write permissions for the removable drives. If the value is 1, readonly is enabled, and if its 0 then readonly is disabled.

NB: to add code for each radiobutton, double click the radiobutton and let it create the radioButton_CheckedChanged() method for you. Copy pasting the whole method might lead to errors.

Here is the code for all the radio buttons:

private void radioButton1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){
    groupBox1.Enabled = true;
    rbtn_Value1 = 3;
}

private void radioButton2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){
    groupBox1.Enabled = true;
    rbtn_Value1 = 4;
}

private void radioButton3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){
    rbtn_Value2 = 1;
}

private void radioButton4_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){
    rbtn_Value2 = 0;
}

Buttons

We will use the Click() method to check if the buttons in our form have been pressed.

We will utilize button1 (OK) to change the USB ports status and removable drives read/write permissions based on the values set by the radio buttons.

NB: To add code for each button, double-click the button and let it create the button_Click() method for you. Copy pasting the whole method might lead to malfunctioning of your application

Here is the code for our OK button:

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){
            try{
                registryKey_1 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(registryPath, true);
                registryKey_1.SetValue("Start", rbtn_Value1);
                if (groupBox1.Enabled == true)
                {
                    registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_2, true);
                    registryKey_2.CreateSubKey("StorageDevicePolicies");
                    registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1, true);
                    registryKey_2.SetValue("WriteProtect", rbtn_Value2);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex){
               // In case of an error
            }
            if ((rbtn_Value1 == 3) && (rbtn_Value2 == 1)){
                MessageBox.Show("USB Ports and Readonly Enabled");
            }
            else if ((rbtn_Value1 == 3) && (rbtn_Value2 == 0)){
                MessageBox.Show("USB Ports Enabled \n     and \n Readonly Disabled");
            }else{
                MessageBox.Show("USB Port are disabled");
            }
        }

The Cancel button (button1) is used to uncheck the checked radiobuttons using the Checked property, as shown below:

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        radioButton1.Checked = false;
        radioButton2.Checked = false;
        radioButton3.Checked = false;
        radioButton4.Checked = false;
    }

The Close button (button3) is used to exit the application:

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Close();
        }

Step 4 - Adding the Manifest file

Our WinForms application will require Admin privileges to be able to make changes to the USB ports and the removable drives.

This functionality requires us to add a manifest file that will help our application request admin privileges.

In the Solution Explorer sidebar, right-click on IOManager then Add> New Item> Application Manifest File (Windows Only)> Add then open the generated app.manifest file.

Modify the following line inside the <security> tag:

<requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />

With this :

<requestedExecutionLevel  level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />

This tells Windows to ensure that the app user is an admin.

Our Form1.cs file should look as shown below:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using Microsoft.Win32;                  // new
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;   // new

namespace IOManager
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        RegistryKey registryKey_1, registryKey_2;
        Int32 rbtn_Value1, rbtn_Value2, usb_Ports_Status, read_write_Status;
        string registryPath = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\USBSTOR";
        string ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1 = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\StorageDevicePolicies";
        string ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_2 = "System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control";
        bool isUserAdmin;
        [DllImport("shell32")]static extern bool IsUserAnAdmin();

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            isUserAdmin = IsUserAnAdmin();
            if (isUserAdmin == false)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("You don't have admini privileges", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
            }
            else
            {
                registryKey_1 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(registryPath, true);
                usb_Ports_Status = Convert.ToInt32(registryKey_1.GetValue("Start"));
                //check the current state of the usb ports,whether they are enabled or disabled
                // 3 for enabled & 4 for Disabled
                if (usb_Ports_Status == 3)
                {
                    radioButton1.Checked = true;
                }
                else if (usb_Ports_Status == 4)
                {
                    radioButton2.Checked = true;
                }
                registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1, true);
                try
                {
                    read_write_Status = Convert.ToInt32(registryKey_2.GetValue("WriteProtect"));
                    //check the current state of the removable drive,whether its are write protected or not
                    // 1 for write protected & 0 for not write protected
                    if (read_write_Status == 1)
                    {
                        radioButton3.Checked = true;
                    }
                    else if (read_write_Status == 0)
                    {
                        radioButton4.Checked = true;
                    }
                }
                catch (NullReferenceException) { }
            }

        }

        
        private void radioButton1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            groupBox1.Enabled = true;
            rbtn_Value1 = 3;
        }

        private void radioButton2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            groupBox1.Enabled = true;
            rbtn_Value1 = 4;
        }

        private void radioButton3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            rbtn_Value2 = 1;
        }

        private void radioButton4_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            rbtn_Value2 = 0;
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                registryKey_1 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(registryPath, true);
                registryKey_1.SetValue("Start", rbtn_Value1);
                if (groupBox1.Enabled == true)
                {
                    registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_2, true);
                    registryKey_2.CreateSubKey("StorageDevicePolicies");
                    registryKey_2 = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(ReadAndWriteRegistryPath_1, true);
                    registryKey_2.SetValue("WriteProtect", rbtn_Value2);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            { }
            if ((rbtn_Value1 == 3) && (rbtn_Value2 == 1))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("USB Ports and Readonly Enabled");
            }
            else if ((rbtn_Value1 == 3) && (rbtn_Value2 == 0))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("USB Ports Enabled \n     and \n Readonly Disabled");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("USB Port are disabled");
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            radioButton1.Checked = false;
            radioButton2.Checked = false;
            radioButton3.Checked = false;
            radioButton4.Checked = false;
        }

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Close();
        }
        
    }
}

Testing

We can now run and test the application. Remember to unplug and then re-plug USB devices after checking the radiobuttons and pressing OK.

Note that when you run the app in Visual Studio, it will need to restart to access admin privileges. Therefore, grant the app permission to make changes.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have learned how to design a Winforms application, work with USB ports, as well as read/write permissions on removable drives.

We have also looked at how to enable admin privileges in our application. Feel free to add more functionalities to the app.

Peer Review Contributions by: Wanja Mike

Published on: Jan 12, 2022
Updated on: Jul 15, 2024
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