Cloudzilla
Logo
arrow left
Back to Developer Education

Creating a One-to-One Video Call Android app with Agora SDK using Kotlin

Creating a One-to-One Video Call Android app with Agora SDK using Kotlin

When developing an Android app that incorporates video calling features, you may end up with a lot of boilerplate code. <!--more--> Agora SDK is a platform that allows developers to create rich in-app experiences such as embedded voice and video chat, real-time recording, live streaming, and real-time messaging with relatively less code.

Table of contents

Prerequisites

To follow along with this tutorial, you'll need to have:

  • Android Studio installed on your machine.
  • A solid understanding of developing and running Android applications.
  • Fundamental knowledge of the Kotlin programming language.
  • An Agora account. If you don't have one yet, sign up to get started.
  • Experience with Android ViewBinding.

Goals

By the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:

  • Understand what Agora video call SDK is.
  • Create and get the access key for Agora SDK.
  • Implement the SDK in a one-to-one video call app.

What is Agora Video Call SDK?

Agora video call SDK is a platform that allows developers to create rich in-app experiences such as embedded voice and video chat, real-time recording, live streaming, and real-time messaging.

Agora's video call APIs enhance social apps with new features like AR facial masks and sound effects when sharing your screen, whiteboards, and other capabilities that may benefit commercial and educational apps.

In this tutorial, we will use the SDK to add video calling capabilities in an Android app.

Creating a project on the Agora dashboard

Open the Agora developer console and create a new project as shown below:

New Agora App

Choose a use case that suits your app i.e education, social, entertainment, etc. Once you have created the project, you'll be able to see it in your console. Click on the edit button to generate a temporary token that you'll use in your app.

Edit Agora App

Scroll to the bottom of the page and select generate temporary tokens for audio/video calls.

Token Page

Enter the channel name and click on generate temp token.

Generate Token

Take note of the APP ID, Channel Name, and your Temp Token. They will be required in the next steps.

Generated Token

Creating an Android project

Open your Android Studio and create an empty project and give it a name of your choice.

Android App

Setting up the project

In your app-level build.gradle file, add the following dependency:

dependencies{
    ...
    
    implementation 'io.agora.rtc:full-sdk:3.1.3'
}

In your Manifest file, add the following permissions:

  • INTERNET
  • READ_PHONE_STATE
  • RECORD_AUDIO
  • MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS and
  • CAMERA

To prevent code obfuscation in your proguard-rules.pro, add the following code:

-keep class io.agora.**{*;}

In your res directory, open values >> strings and include your APP_ID and the TEMP_TOKEN.

<resources>
    ...
    
    <string name="app_id">APP_ID</string>
    <string name="agora_token">TEMP_TOKEN</string>
</resources>

Make sure your agora_token points to the token that you obtained from the Agora console.

Designing the user interface

In this step, we will create a simple layout that will have a FrameLayout to show the video of you and a RelativeLayout for the video of the other person. We'll also have some ImageViews (used as buttons) when muting the microphone, initiating or ending a call, and switching the camera.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main_chat_view"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/remoteVideoView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@color/remoteBackground">

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="70dp"
            android:layout_height="70dp"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:src="@drawable/icon_agora_largest"
            tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/localVideoView"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="150dp"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
        android:background="@color/localBackground"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="40dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:src="@drawable/icon_agora_large"
            tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />
    </FrameLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/controls"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent">

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/buttonCall"
            android:layout_width="50dp"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_endcall"
            tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/buttonMute"
            android:layout_width="50dp"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_marginEnd="30dp"
            android:layout_toStartOf="@id/buttonCall"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_unmute"
            tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/buttonSwitchCamera"
            android:layout_width="50dp"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_centerVertical="true"
            android:layout_marginStart="30dp"
            android:layout_toEndOf="@id/buttonCall"
            android:scaleType="centerCrop"
            android:src="@drawable/btn_switch_camera"
            tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />

    </RelativeLayout>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Remember to add the required icons from the resource manager.

Creating the app logic

Declarations

In your MainActivity.kt file, add the following declarations:

private val PERMISSION_REQUEST_ID = 7

// Ask for Android device permissions at runtime.
private val ALL_REQUESTED_PERMISSIONS = arrayOf(
    Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,
    Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
)

private var mEndCall = false
private var mMuted = false
private var remoteView: SurfaceView? = null
private var localView: SurfaceView? = null
private lateinit var rtcEngine: RtcEngine

Initialize the RtcEngine object

Create this method which will initialize the Agora RtcEngine. RtcEngine is the core class of the Agora SDK.

private fun initRtcEngine() {
    try {
        rtcEngine = RtcEngine.create(baseContext, getString(R.string.app_id), mRtcEventHandler)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.d(TAG, "initRtcEngine: $e")
    }
}

Setting up the video configurations 

private fun setupVideoConfig() {

    rtcEngine.enableVideo()
    // Set the video encoding profile.
    rtcEngine.setVideoEncoderConfiguration(
        VideoEncoderConfiguration(
            VideoEncoderConfiguration.VD_640x360,
            VideoEncoderConfiguration.FRAME_RATE.FRAME_RATE_FPS_15,
            VideoEncoderConfiguration.STANDARD_BITRATE,
            VideoEncoderConfiguration.ORIENTATION_MODE.ORIENTATION_MODE_FIXED_PORTRAIT
        )
    )
}

Setting up Local and Remote video

In this step, we will set up the local video and the remote video that the current user will be viewing.

private fun setupLocalVideoView() {
    localView = RtcEngine.CreateRendererView(baseContext)
    localView!!.setZOrderMediaOverlay(true)
    binding.localVideoView.addView(localView)
    rtcEngine.setupLocalVideo(VideoCanvas(localView, VideoCanvas.RENDER_MODE_HIDDEN, 0))
}

private fun setupRemoteVideoView(uid: Int) {
    if (binding.remoteVideoView.childCount > 1) {
        return
    }
    remoteView = RtcEngine.CreateRendererView(baseContext)
    binding.remoteVideoView.addView(remoteView)
    rtcEngine.setupRemoteVideo(VideoCanvas(remoteView, VideoCanvas.RENDER_MODE_FILL, uid))
}

Joining a channel

After setting up the local video, the current user needs to join a channel to start receiving remote video streams.

private fun joinChannel() {
    val token = getString(R.string.agora_token)
    // Join a channel with a token.
    rtcEngine.joinChannel(token, "ChannelOne", "Extra Optional Data", 0)
}

Make sure that the channel name resembles the one you entered when creating the temporary token.

Leaving a channel 

private fun leaveChannel() {
    rtcEngine.leaveChannel()
}

Initializing the Agora engine and joining a channel

Create this function that will combine the three functions that we have just created.

These are the usual steps when joining a channel and starting a call.

private fun initAndJoinChannel() {
    initRtcEngine()
    setupVideoConfig()
    setupLocalVideoView()
    joinChannel()
}

Permissions

Declare this method, which will help us to determine whether or not the required permissions have been granted by the user.

private fun checkSelfPermission(permission: String, requestCode: Int): Boolean {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, ALL_REQUESTED_PERMISSIONS, requestCode)
        return false
    }
    return true
}

Check whether all permissions are granted in the onCreate method, then call the initAgoraEngineAndJoinChannel function.

if (checkSelfPermission(ALL_REQUESTED_PERMISSIONS[0], PERMISSION_REQUEST_ID) &&
    checkSelfPermission(ALL_REQUESTED_PERMISSIONS[1], PERMISSION_REQUEST_ID
    ) && checkSelfPermission(ALL_REQUESTED_PERMISSIONS[2], PERMISSION_REQUEST_ID)) {
    initAgoraEngineAndJoinChannel()
}

Also, don't forget to override the onRequestPermissionsResult which checks the result of the permission request.

override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)

    if (requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_ID) {
        if (
            grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
            grantResults[1] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
            grantResults[2] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        ) {

            Toast.makeText(applicationContext, "Permissions needed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
            finish()
            return
        }
        // Here we continue only if all permissions are granted.
        initAgoraEngineAndJoinChannel()
    }
}

Removing remote view and local video

In this step, we will remove the remote video and the local video that the current user is viewing.

private fun removeRemoteVideo() {
    if (remoteView != null) {
        binding.remoteVideoView.removeView(remoteView)
    }
    remoteView = null
}

private fun removeLocalVideo() {
    if (localView != null) {
        binding.localVideoView.removeView(localView)
    }
    localView = null
}

When a remote user leaves the channel, we need to remove the remote view by calling the removeRemoteVideo method:

private fun onRemoteUserLeft() {
    removeRemoteVideo()
}

Handling RtcEngine events

Next, we need to handle some events of the RtcEngine such that when someone joins a channel successfully, when the first remote video is decoded and when the user is offline.

Create a RtcEventHandler object and implement the necessary methods as follows:

private val mRtcEventHandler = object : IRtcEngineEventHandler() {
    override fun onJoinChannelSuccess(channel: String?, uid: Int, elapsed: Int) {
        runOnUiThread {
            Toast.makeText(applicationContext, "Joined Channel Successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        }
    }

    override fun onFirstRemoteVideoDecoded(uid: Int, width: Int, height: Int, elapsed: Int) {
        runOnUiThread {
            setupRemoteVideo(uid)
        }
    }

    override fun onUserOffline(uid: Int, reason: Int) {
        runOnUiThread {
            onRemoteUserLeft()
        }
    }
}

Starting and ending a call

To start the call, we need to set up a local video view and join a channel.

private fun startCall() {
    setupLocalVideo()
    joinChannel()
}

To end the call, we need to remove the local and remote video and leave the channel.

private fun endCall() {
    removeLocalVideo()
    removeRemoteVideo()
    leaveChannel()
}

Inside the onCreate method, we need to implement clicks such as when the following Views are clicked:

  • Call Button
  • Mute Button
  • Switch Camera Button

Add the following implementation:

binding.buttonCall.setOnClickListener {
    if (mEndCall) {
        startCall()
        mEndCall = false
        binding.buttonCall.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_endcall)
        binding.buttonMute.visibility = VISIBLE
        binding.buttonSwitchCamera.visibility = VISIBLE
    } else {
        endCall()
        mEndCall = true
        binding.buttonCall.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_startcall)
        binding.buttonMute.visibility = INVISIBLE
        binding.buttonSwitchCamera.visibility = INVISIBLE
    }
}

binding.buttonSwitchCamera.setOnClickListener {
    rtcEngine.switchCamera()
}

binding.buttonMute.setOnClickListener {
    mMuted = !mMuted
    rtcEngine.muteLocalAudioStream(mMuted)

    val res: Int = if (mMuted) {
        R.drawable.btn_mute
    } else {
        R.drawable.btn_unmute
    }

    binding.buttonMute.setImageResource(res)
}

Destroying everything

We also need to release resources when the app is closed and is no longer being used. Override the onDestroy and the following code:

override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    if (!mEndCall) {
        leaveChannel()
    }
    RtcEngine.destroy()
}

App demo

Install and run the app on two different devices and make sure that they are connected to the internet. You should expect it to work as shown in the screenshots below:

Screen 1

Screen 2

Screen 3

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have learned what Agora video SDK is, how to obtain an access token from the Agora console, and how to create a video call app with the Agora SDK.

Go ahead and apply these skills to create even more advanced apps.

To see the full implementation of the app, check out this GitHub repository.

References

Happy coding!

Peer Review Contributions by: Eric Gacoki

Published on: Dec 3, 2021
Updated on: Jul 12, 2024
CTA

Start your journey with Cloudzilla

With Cloudzilla, apps freely roam across a global cloud with unbeatable simplicity and cost efficiency